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Every
layout has four fundamental elements: Space Planning Units (SPUs),
Affinities, Space and Constraints. These fundamental
elements apply to any size facility and at any level.
Just
as a few chemical elements give rise to an infinite number of
compounds, the four layout elements and their variations can produce
an almost infinite number of factory layouts.
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The
figure below shows how these elements combine to produce a layout or
spaceplan.
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SPUs
combine with Affinities to
form an Affinity Diagram. The Affinity Diagram is an
idealized spatial arrangement that eventually becomes a layout.
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Each
SPU requires some finite space whether great or small.
Space, added to the Affinity Diagram, distorts it
into the Layout Primitive.
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Constraints
are conditions, assumptions, policies or edicts that restrict
the design is some way. For example, "The layout must
fit into the existing building." Constraints further
modify the spatial arrangement and a Macro- layout results.
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